India has shipped thousands of weapons and ammunition components to Israel since October 2023 despite a substantial risk they would be used in an ongoing genocide against Palestinians in Gaza, according to a new investigation by Amnesty International.
The report, titled Made in India: The Supply of Weapons and Ammunition to Israel, documents 2,596 shipments of arms, parts and components from India to Israel between October 7, 2023 and November 30, 2025. Among the items identified: machine gun components deployed by Israeli forces in Gaza, 155mm high-explosive artillery shells supplied to Elbit Systems, explosive warheads for Skystriker loitering munitions similar to those found in debris from Khan Younis, and armored vehicle components destined for major Israeli military suppliers.
Amnesty’s Secretary General Agnes Callamard said the Indian government cannot credibly claim ignorance. She said that in light of the International Court of Justice’s provisional measures orders recognizing a plausible risk of genocide against Palestinians in Gaza, the Indian authorities could not credibly argue that they did not know.
The shipments include components from companies that are directly owned and controlled by the state of India, including Munitions India Limited, a state-owned manufacturer of high-explosive artillery rounds. Other suppliers include PLR Systems, a joint venture between Adani Defence and Israel Weapon Industries, and Alpha Elsec, a joint venture between Alpha Design Technologies and Elbit Systems.
Amnesty’s analysis found critical structural failures in India’s arms export controls: no explicit requirement for human rights due diligence to prevent military goods from being used in violations of international law, and insufficient transparency in the export process. India has never signed the Arms Trade Treaty, which sets international standards for weapons transfers.
The legal stakes are serious. Under the Genocide Convention, states have a duty to prevent genocide. Knowingly supplying arms to a party that the International Court of Justice has found poses a plausible risk of genocide may amount to complicity. Amnesty argues India is in clear violation of its duty under the convention.
Israel’s military campaign in Gaza has killed tens of thousands of Palestinians since October 2023 and reduced large areas of the territory to rubble. Amnesty International concluded in December 2024 that Israel was committing genocide against Palestinians in Gaza, a finding reinforced by multiple UN investigations and the ICJ’s provisional measures.
India has deepened its defense relationship with Israel over the past decade, built on shared strategic interests including counterterrorism, arms manufacturing, and intelligence cooperation. The relationship has flourished under Prime Minister Narendra Modi, who has positioned India as a major defense exporter while maintaining its traditional support for the Palestinian cause in diplomatic forums.
The report calls for an immediate halt to all arms transfers to Israel. No Indian companies named in the report had responded to Amnesty’s inquiries at the time of publication.